Transforming growth factor beta-1

NameTransforming growth factor beta-1
Synonyms
  • TGF-beta-1
  • TGFB
Gene NameTGFB1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021834|Transforming growth factor beta-1
MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLA
SPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEI
YDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWR
YLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFT
TGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYI
DFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQA
LEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS
Number of residues390
Molecular Weight44340.685
Theoretical pI8.63
GO Classification
Functions
  • cytokine activity
  • glycoprotein binding
  • type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
  • type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
  • antigen binding
  • type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
  • enzyme binding
Processes
  • defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
  • digestive tract development
  • salivary gland morphogenesis
  • protein phosphorylation
  • positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
  • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
  • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
  • myelination
  • cellular calcium ion homeostasis
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
  • epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  • SMAD protein import into nucleus
  • response to hypoxia
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • chondrocyte differentiation
  • negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
  • positive regulation of apoptotic process
  • mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
  • ATP biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
  • negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
  • negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of histone acetylation
  • response to drug
  • macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
  • negative regulation of cell growth
  • positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
  • germ cell migration
  • tolerance induction to self antigen
  • negative regulation of T cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
  • ureteric bud development
  • lymph node development
  • extracellular matrix assembly
  • platelet degranulation
  • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
  • SMAD protein signal transduction
  • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
  • regulation of DNA binding
  • positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
  • pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
  • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
  • positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
  • viral life cycle
  • positive regulation of vascular permeability
  • organ regeneration
  • mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
  • regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
  • cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
  • mononuclear cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of bone mineralization
  • positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
  • positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
  • cell-cell junction organization
  • negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
  • response to progesterone
  • negative regulation of DNA replication
  • extracellular matrix organization
  • positive regulation of odontogenesis
  • positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
  • protein export from nucleus
  • endoderm development
  • positive regulation of cell proliferation
  • modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
  • common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • face morphogenesis
  • negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
  • negative regulation of gene expression
  • positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
  • negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
  • hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
  • inflammatory response
  • receptor catabolic process
  • positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
  • response to vitamin D
  • regulation of binding
  • positive regulation of cell migration
  • negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
  • aging
  • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
  • T cell homeostasis
  • cell growth
  • negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
  • response to wounding
  • protein import into nucleus, translocation
  • response to cholesterol
  • positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  • cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
  • regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
  • connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
  • positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
  • cell cycle arrest
  • negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
  • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
  • positive regulation of protein secretion
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • Notch signaling pathway
  • regulation of cartilage development
  • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  • myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
  • response to radiation
  • positive regulation of histone deacetylation
  • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
  • negative regulation of cell cycle
  • response to estradiol
  • positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
  • regulation of interleukin-23 production
  • negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
  • lens fiber cell differentiation
  • negative regulation of cell differentiation
  • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
  • active induction of host immune response by virus
  • cell development
  • MAPK cascade
  • regulation of blood vessel remodeling
  • regulation of protein import into nucleus
  • negative regulation of phagocytosis
  • oligodendrocyte development
  • platelet activation
  • positive regulation of exit from mitosis
  • protein kinase B signaling
  • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
  • cellular response to organic cyclic compound
  • frontal suture morphogenesis
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • regulation of sodium ion transport
  • regulation of striated muscle tissue development
  • negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
  • regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • regulation of cell migration
  • positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
  • response to laminar fluid shear stress
  • inner ear development
  • positive regulation of chemotaxis
  • adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
  • negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
  • response to glucose
  • regulatory T cell differentiation
  • hyaluronan catabolic process
  • positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
  • positive regulation of protein complex assembly
  • negative regulation of ossification
  • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
  • branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
  • SMAD protein complex assembly
  • blood coagulation
  • ossification involved in bone remodeling
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
  • positive regulation of fibroblast migration
  • regulation of apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
  • female pregnancy
Components
  • neuronal cell body
  • extracellular region
  • axon
  • nucleus
  • platelet alpha granule lumen
  • blood microparticle
  • plasma membrane
  • Golgi lumen
  • extracellular space
  • cell surface
  • cytoplasm
  • proteinaceous extracellular matrix
General FunctionType iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Specific FunctionMultifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID1212989
UniProtKB IDP01137
UniProtKB Entry NameTGFB1_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021835|Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1)
ATGCCGCCCTCCGGGCTGCGGCTGCTGCCGCTGCTGCTACCGCTGCTGTGGCTACTGGTG
CTGACGCCTGGCCGGCCGGCCGCGGGACTATCCACCTGCAAGACTATCGACATGGAGCTG
GTGAAGCGGAAGCGCATCGAGGCCATCCGCGGCCAGATCCTGTCCAAGCTGCGGCTCGCC
AGCCCCCCGAGCCAGGGGGAGGTGCCGCCCGGCCCGCTGCCCGAGGCCGTGCTCGCCCTG
TACAACAGCACCCGCGACCGGGTGGCCGGGGAGAGTGCAGAACCGGAGCCCGAGCCTGAG
GCCGACTACTACGCCAAGGAGGTCACCCGCGTGCTAATGGTGGAAACCCACAACGAAATC
TATGACAAGTTCAAGCAGAGTACACACAGCATATATATGTTCTTCAACACATCAGAGCTC
CGAGAAGCGGTACCTGAACCCGTGTTGCTCTCCCGGGCAGAGCTGCGTCTGCTGAGGCTC
AAGTTAAAAGTGGAGCAGCACGTGGAGCTGTACCAGAAATACAGCAACAATTCCTGGCGA
TACCTCAGCAACCGGCTGCTGGCACCCAGCGACTCGCCAGAGTGGTTATCTTTTGATGTC
ACCGGAGTTGTGCGGCAGTGGTTGAGCCGTGGAGGGGAAATTGAGGGCTTTCGCCTTAGC
GCCCACTGCTCCTGTGACAGCAGGGATAACACACTGCAAGTGGACATCAACGGGTTCACT
ACCGGCCGCCGAGGTGACCTGGCCACCATTCATGGCATGAACCGGCCTTTCCTGCTTCTC
ATGGCCACCCCGCTGGAGAGGGCCCAGCATCTGCAAAGCTCCCGGCACCGCCGAGCCCTG
GACACCAACTATTGCTTCAGCTCCACGGAGAAGAACTGCTGCGTGCGGCAGCTGTACATT
GACTTCCGCAAGGACCTCGGCTGGAAGTGGATCCACGAGCCCAAGGGCTACCATGCCAAC
TTCTGCCTCGGGCCCTGCCCCTACATTTGGAGCCTGGACACGCAGTACAGCAAGGTCCTG
GCCCTGTACAACCAGCATAACCCGGGCGCCTCGGCGGCGCCGTGCTGCGTGCCGCAGGCG
CTGGAGCCGCTGCCCATCGTGTACTACGTGGGCCGCAAGCCCAAGGTGGAGCAGCTGTCC
AACATGATCGTGCGCTCCTGCAAGTGCAGCTGA
GenBank Gene IDX05839
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDTGFB1
HGNC IDHGNC:11766
Chromosome Location19
Locus19q13.2|19q13.1
References
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